Russia: Authoritarianism Means Ineffective Economy

Right as I was writing the reply on Karolus' comment here about that foreign investors are not afraid of political risks involved with Russia, the Russian fund market started its fall. I just wonder at what stage to sell my investment fund shares.

MICEX Index last week

Yeah, and somebody thought here that democracy and economy do not relate to each other and that you can make business without taking care of politics as if it was something from a different planet. Indifference towards politics is common among my fellow yuppies and generally among Russians - they just go and vote for Putin without actually knowing a bit about what this man is.

For the Russian society as a whole the absence of democracy means the following:

- No transparency of state governance caused by lack of freedom of speech, especially in the regions outside Moscow and St. Petersburg. The media are state-controlled and therefore dependent on people in the administration and have no possibility of objective coverage of their faults

- No or blocked legal ways of influencing and adjusting the state policy: no democratic elections means no democratic parliament. Currently the only opposition party in the Duma are Communists. The governors’ elections were cancelled after the Beslan tragedy as a means to “fight terrorism” (yes, it was really said so). Instead, governors are directly appointed by the president and have therefore no accountability before the region’s population

- No guaranty of property rights, see YUKOS affair, the current raid on Russneft. In the regions the whole is, again, much harsher than in Moscow or St. Pete. Once a local authority sees an attractive business, it does not take too long for him to make the owner sell it for a low price after a couple of fiscal, medical, fire inspections coming across and after a “warm and confident” talk in the bureaucrat’s office

- Absence of independent courts and therefore no chance for victims of state despotism to bring the authorities or entities related to them to trial and, especially, to win. Judges are bought and sold.

- Monopoly rather than Oligopoly, both in politics and economy. Instead of Yeltsin era “oligarch clans” we now have the “different towers of one Kremlin”, several groups inside the ruling junta (e.g. “siloviki”, remainders of the Yeltsin “family” etc). Gazprom is becoming an anti-Utopian-style empire corporation with its own bank, media, football club, airlines and soon even armed forces. Rosneft is going the same way.

- No or blocked legal ways of publicly discussing the state policy except for the internet. Without publicity and exposure to criticism the state is limited in sources of creative ideas

- Corruption has nowadays a much greater scale than at worst Yeltsin's times


For businesses it means:

- Extra expenses on corruption: a sad but true fact is that budgets of most investment projects have bribe and kickback expenses a special article

- Extra bureaucratic burden: difficulties in registering a business, taxation – it all goes hand in hand with state authoritarianism

- General decline in [business] ethics in the society, therefore development of an unhealthy business culture and business climate.


So for all that we see a wave of non-resident investors leaving the Russian fund market last week.

I sometimes have the feeling that we are in danger to see the BRIC missing the "R" in a mid-term perspective. For this to be prevented, Russia must get back to the democratic path as soon as possible - at least to the limited democracy of Yeltsin times. A sort of a chance is coming up in 2008 where we'll have presidential elections. The elections will of course be anything but fair and democratic, but we have a chance that the new czar will be more liberal and democracy-oriented (Russia's democratic and modernization tendencies always depend on who's head of state). It seems that Putin's appointing of Dmitry Medvedev (current deputy Prime Minister) as The Kremlin Candidate would give us better chances than the of militarist former KGB-spy Sergei Ivanov, an other vice PM and #2 prospective Putin's pick.